Distributed solar rooftop is one of the main forms of renewable energy power generation, characterized by its distributed layout and small-scale construction. It utilises real estate resources, and install on the walls or roofs of the buildings. Compared to central power generation, distributed solar offers advantages such as low investment, rapid returns and easy maintenance. It plays a significant role in enhancing energy utilization efficiency, alleviating energy supply pressure, and promoting the development of a global low-carbon economy.

Multi-functional off-grid power supply refers to the provision of electricity to the power system solely by using renewable energy sources such as solar or wind energy. The entire system consists of four parts: photovoltaic modules (or wind turbines), charge and discharge controllers, inverters, and batteries. The electricity generated by photovoltaic modules (or wind turbines) is charged to the battery through the controller, and then discharged (as direct current) through the controller. Subsequently, the direct current is converted into alternating current by the inverter. If the system's electricity consumption is direct current, the inverter is not required. The renewable energy off-grid power supply system is an important way to solve the power supply problem in remote areas with no or little electricity.

Energy storage microgrid refers to the small-scale renewable energy grid system equipped with energy storage unit. It has kinds of forms of hybrid energy solutions, such as solar-ES, solar-wind-ES, solar-diesel-ES, etc.

Energy storage is not only a key link in the "generation - transmission - distribution - consumption - storage" chain of the power system, but also the cornerstone for the stable operation of new energy microgrids. In the face of the instability brought by intermittent energy generation such as wind power and photovoltaic power, the energy storage system, with its unique advantages, plays an irreplaceable role in microgrids. It can enhance the stability of distributed energy, improve power quality, and achieve peak shaving, contributing to the construction of a stable and efficient energy system.